iFred Curriculum for Mental Health Shows Promise to Reduce Anxiety, Increase Hope and Improve Emotional Regulation Skills for Youth
San Francisco, CA (PRWEB) September 05, 2017 -- The program, originally created by the ‘International Foundation for Research and Education on Depression’ (iFred), is free and available online, and iFred is looking for partners to expand the program through resources, funding, reach, and technological advancements. Initial research by iFred in the USA has illustrated that ‘The Hope Curriculum’ may be an effective means of teaching the concept of hope. The Schools for Hope program aims to promote mental health, prevent mental illness and initiate early intervention among primary and post primary school children. Dr Karen Kirby from the Psychology Research Institute at Ulster University in Northern Ireland (NI) further tested and validated the program in a study utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the effectiveness of Ireland's first ever ’Schools for Hope’ program.
The original program was developed by a group of experts with the support of Kathryn Goetzke, the founder of iFred, President & CEO of The Mood Factory, and global mental health advocate. The program itself is based on research that suggests hope is a teachable skill. It aims is to equip students, educators, and parents with the tools they need to experience and maintain ‘Hope’ even during the most trying of times.
iFred worked with the ‘health improvement service’ of the Western Health & Social Care Trust (WHSCT) to adopt and pilot the ‘Schools for Hope’ program within primary and post primary schools in NI. The program was implemented in a unique partnership model and as an effective community planning example in action, involving the Outer West Neighbourhood Renewal Partnership (OWNRP), the Health and Education statutory bodies, the School of Psychology at Ulster University (UU) and six Local Primary and Secondary schools in the North West area.
Dr Karen Kirby, the key researcher on the project presenting the results at the conference, shared the exciting results: “The outcomes of the Hope programs indicate that children not only develop increased levels of hope overall, but the findings indicate that they have developed improved coping skills and belief in themselves and their abilities in particular increase in abilities to regulate emotions and develop emotional resilience skills. Furthermore, the pilot findings indicate increased confidence in their abilities to problem solve, in addition to ultimately reducing hopelessness itself. These mental health promotion qualities and coping skill enhancements means that these young people have learned life skills which will hopefully support them when facing life adversities, as they have inherently developed new tools which may prevent hopelessness from developing in the future.”
Kathryn who conceived of the Schools for Hope program is thrilled with the results: “We are excited, as it further validates our hypothesis that hope is teachable and provides evidence we need to attract new partners, funding, and resources to expand. Depression and anxiety do not discriminate, and they are impacting our children at greater and greater rates. We can and must reverse this trend.”
Dr. Myron Belfer, Kathryn’s colleague and MD, MPA and Professor of Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School outlined that it is important to note that "Hope is tangible and teachable, and it is an essential ingredient for a successful life trajectory."
Kristy Stark, M.A., BCBA, Ed.M. candidate, adds, "Hope is a powerful catalyst. On its own, it can support human development and move people closer to their goals. In a meta-analysis published this year (Marques, Gallagher, & Lopez, 2017), for example, it was revealed that hope predicts academic outcomes, including GPA. At the Harvard Graduate School of Education and in academic institutions across the globe there has been a steadily increasing interest in hope and other noncognitive factors in education. The most exciting development emerging from recent research is that hope can be learned."
Marie Dunne, principal pioneer of the program and WHSCT, mental health specialist shared at the conference, “the aim of this project is to equip young people with information, knowledge and skills that will give them the personal self-esteem to nurture healthy relationships with themselves and those around them to improve their quality of life. Above all, It will also teach them to have Hope and additional skills of understanding and managing their own mental well-being and the tools with which to so’.
Study Design and Outcomes
Findings on the research were presented at the Schools for Hope Conference. The study design employed both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the results of the curriculum; student responses were analyzed using standard measures and also focus-groups were conducted to allow the children to comment their own words.
The quantitative study utilized a pre-post intervention design, where data was collected before and after the 10-week Hope program. The Hope curriculum was delivered either weekly or fortnightly in four primary schools and two post primary schools in the Derry, Strabane, and Enniskillen (Enniskillen data not yet analyzed) areas. The general outcomes were very positive with a good sample size of 45.
Specifically, the younger children who took part in the ‘Schools for Hope’ program had statistically significant improvements in anxiety levels (measured using the Spence anxiety scale for children), emotional regulation levels (using the ‘how I feel’ scale), and reduced hopelessness (as measured by the Beck Hopelessness scale for kids).
Among the post primary school kids, the coping and resilience factors had significantly improved. In specific, the personal ‘emotional’ resilience significantly increased after the program. In particular, empathy, tolerance, emotional insight and confidence increased significantly; and negative cognition reduced significantly. Total scores on standardized coping measures improved, notably rumination and self-care changed significantly.
The qualitative focus groups within the primary school children revealed positive findings, where the young people from both the primary and post primary schools shared their recommendations going forward. The predominate themes observed and analyzed among the participants of the primary school focus groups were ‘believing in themselves’, ‘feeling more positive’, and ‘developing new skills’.
The qualitative focus groups within the post primary school children, the key themes that were vocalized by the year 8 pupils were “understanding stressors and mental health,” “knowing how to respond to emotions,” “improved coping skills,” and in particular “problem solving,” and “confidence building”. They also reflected on new learning and stated the following: ‘I think that (physical and mental health) are equally important”.
When asked about whether they would recommend this program to other children, some of the year 8 pupils stated the following. “It would show them and teach them how to deal with stress” (P1) “To show them how to cope with stuff.”
The specific coping skills in which the pupils reported an improvement are as follows:
Leadership: “They would take leader roles in activities”
(P16)Team working: “Got them working with different people”
(P17) “Everybody put their input into it, it wasn’t left to one person in the group”
(P16) Coping: “How to go into your upstairs brain”
(P15) “Deep breathing”
(P15), Ways to take your mind off it”
(P15) “Cope with stress”
(P11), “How to cope through hard times”
(P6), “Breathing back from 10”
(P3), Yoga breathing
(P3), If someone calls me a name I just ignore them as I know they are just negative and they are trying to get me down
(P2) Confidence: “One of the teachers noted that she belied that the group’s ‘confidence has grown through the project”
(P17). “Before the Hope Program I never knew what to do if I was getting bullied but now I know I can go to my teachers and I know about the upstairs and downstairs brain and I feel confident now”
(P4). “I didn’t feel confident because I was going through a bit of a hard time at that time, and I didn’t feel confident as I didn’t know what to do but when John and everyone came in to show us how to deal with it, it really helped”
(P3). “Before the program I wouldn’t be able to speak in front of people, I wouldn’t be able to do that but now it has told me to breath and get on with it”
(P4) Believing in yourself: Never give up on something you want to achieve”
(P1). “I believe I can do anything that if I put my mind to it and never give up”
(P1) “That you should never stop, you should try”. ‘Like say you tried to do something and something might stop you or get in the way just try your best to overcome it or work around it”
The implementation of the Schools for Hope Curriculum developed by iFred for youth has resulted in encouraging, measurable child mental health outcomes. Hope is vital and teachable.
Kathryn Goetzke, iFred, http://www.globaldayforhope.org, +1 7343589335, [email protected]
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