Children with High-Risk Reaction Histories to Penicillin Can Undergo Direct Oral Penicillin Challenges

MILWAUKEE, Feb. 4, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Pediatric patients with traditionally "high-risk" reaction histories should not be excluded from penicillin allergy evaluation, according to new research that will be presented at the 2022 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI).

Penicillin is the safest and most effective antibiotic for many infections, and nine out of 10 patients who report being allergic to penicillin are not truly allergic when formally evaluated. "Unaddressed penicillin allergies are a public health issue," said Susan S. Xie, MD, primary author. "By demonstrating that a large proportion of pediatric patients with traditionally high-risk reaction histories are actually non-allergic when challenged, we can safely consider more patients for penicillin allergy de-labeling. This will optimize their care and reduce healthcare costs associated with penicillin avoidance."

This study used data regarding risk stratification and penicillin drug provocation challenge (DPC) outcomes in patients within the penicillin allergy testing registry at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Patients were designated as 'no-risk' by their allergist if they had a benign rash (including hives) more than one year ago, mild somatic symptoms, or unknown or family history of penicillin allergy; 'low-risk' if they had a benign rash within the past year, swelling, difficulty breathing, or reactions to all penicillins/cephalosporins; or 'high-risk' if they had experienced a serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR), anaphylaxis, severe cutaneous reaction, or prior positive penicillin skin testing or DPC.

Over 1,500 risk-stratified patients were identified for the study. Among them, 66% were designated as no-risk, 27% were low-risk, and 7% were high-risk. In total, 57% underwent DPCs, of whom 95% were non-allergic. According to the data, less than 1/3 of high-risk patients underwent DPCs compared to more than 1/2 of no-risk and low-risk patients.

However, tolerance rates were greater than 90% for all risk tiers, including 94% of high-risk patients (30 out of 32) who underwent DPCs. In non-allergic high-risk patients, 22 originally had SSLRs, three had anaphylaxis, four had prior positive skin testing (which was negative when repeated), and one had a prior allergic DPC. There were two allergic high-risk patients, both of whom had delayed onset of hives after DPC.

According to the authors, these results show us that traditionally "high-risk" pediatric patients with a penicillin allergy label should not be excluded from re-evaluation for penicillin allergy de-labeling, even if they have a history of SSLRs, anaphylaxis, and prior positive DPC testing for penicillin.

Visit aaaai.org to learn more about drug allergies. Research presented at the AAAAI Annual Meeting, February 25-28 in Phoenix, Arizona, is published in an online supplement to The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) is the leading membership organization of more than 7,100 allergists, asthma specialists, clinical immunologists, allied health professionals and others with a special interest in the research and treatment of allergic and immunologic diseases. The AAAAI is the go-to resource for patients living with allergies, asthma and immune deficiency disorders. Established in 1943, the AAAAI has more than 7,100 members in the United States, Canada and 72 other countries. The AAAAI's Find an Allergist/Immunologist service is a trusted resource to help you find a specialist close to home.

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April Presnell, The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, (414) 272-6071, [email protected]

SOURCE The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology